Encyclopedia of Electrical Engineering
Home
Electrical Engineering
Table of Contents 
Technology
Profiles
Q & A
Motor Design
Basic Electrical EngineeringHistory of electrical engineeringFundamental of PhysicsSources of Electric EnergyBranches of Electrical EngineeringElectricityMagnetismMore
-
1. Electric Circuit
-
2. Resistance
-
3. Series DC Circuits
-
3.1. Series Circuit
-
3.2. Circuit Instrumentation
-
3.3. Series Circuit Power Distribution
-
3.4. Series Voltage Sources
-
3.5. Kirchhoffs Voltage Law
-
3.6. Voltage Division in a Series Circuit
-
3.7. Interchanging Series Elements
-
3.8. Circuit Analysis Notation
-
3.9. Internal Resistance of Voltage Sources
-
3.10. Voltage Regulation
-
3.11. Loading Effects of Instruments
-
-
4. Parallel DC Circuits
-
5. Series Parallel Circuits
-
6. Methods of Analysis
-
7. Network Theorems
-
8. Capacitors
-
8.1. Capacitance
-
8.2. Types of capacitor
-
8.3. Initial Conditions of capacitor
-
8.4. Capacitor Charging Phase
-
8.5. Capacitor Discharging Phase
-
8.6. Instantaneous Values of Capacitor
-
8.7. Thevenin Equivalent Circuit of Capacitor
-
8.8. Current through capacitor
-
8.9. Capacitors in series and parallel
-
8.10. Energy Stored by a Capacitor
-
8.11. Stray Capacitance
-
-
9. Magnetic Circuits
-
9.1. Magnetic Flux Density
-
9.2. Permeability
-
9.3. Magnetic Reluctance
-
9.4. Ohms Law for Magnetic Circuits
-
9.5. Magnetizing Force
-
9.6. Hysteresis Curve
-
9.7. Domain Theory of Magnetism
-
9.8. Amperes Circuital Law
-
9.9. Series Magnetic Circuits
-
9.10. Magnetic Circuit Air Gaps
-
9.11. Series and Parallel Magnetic Circuits
-
9.12. Application of Magnetic circuits
-
-
10. Inductors
-
10.1. Faradays Law of Induction
-
10.2. Lenz law
-
10.3. Self Inductance
-
10.4. Types of Inductors
-
10.5. Inductor values
-
10.6. Induced Voltage
-
10.7. Transient Response of RL Circuit
-
10.8. Initial Values of an Inductor
-
10.9. Decay of Current in RL Circuit
-
10.10. Thevenin Equivalent Circuit of Inductor
-
10.11. Inductors in Series and Parallel
-
10.12. RL and RLC Circuits with DC Inputs
-
10.13. Energy Stored by an Inductor
-
10.14. Applications of inductor
-
-
11. Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms
-
11.1. Sinusoidal AC Voltage Generation
-
11.2. Sinusoidal AC Waveform Definitions
-
11.3. The Sine Wave
-
11.4. General Format for the Sinusoidal Voltage or Current
-
11.5. Phase Relationship of a Sinusoidal Waveform
-
11.6. Average Value of Sinusoidal Waveform
-
11.7. Root Mean Square value of Sinusoidal waveform
-
11.8. AC meters and Instruments
-
-
12. Basic Elements of AC Circuit and Phasors
-
12.1. The Derivative of Sinusoidal Waveform
-
12.2. Response of Resistor to a Sinusoidal Voltage
-
12.3. Response of Inductor to a Sinusoidal Voltage
-
12.4. Response of Capacitor to a Sinusoidal Voltage
-
12.5. Frequency Effects on L and C in DC Circuits
-
12.6. Frequency Response of the Basic Elements
-
12.7. Average Power of Sinusoidal Voltage
-
12.8. AC Power Factor
-
12.9. Complex Numbers
-
12.10. Phasors
-
-
13. Series and Parallel ac Circuits
-
13.1. Impedance and the Phasor Diagram
-
13.2. AC Series Configuration
-
13.3. AC Voltage Divider Rule
-
13.4. Frequency Response of the RC Circuit
-
13.5. SUMMARY of Series AC Circuits
-
13.6. Admittance and Susceptance
-
13.7. Parallel ac Networks
-
13.8. Current Divider Rule of ac Circuits
-
13.9. Frequency Response of Parallel RL Network
-
13.10. Parallel ac Networks Summary
-
13.11. AC Equivalent Circuit
-
13.12. Phase Shift Measurement with Dual Trace Oscilloscope
-
13.13. Application of Series and Parallel ac Circuits
-
-
14. Methods of Analysis of AC Network
-
15. Network Theorem (AC)
-
16. Power (AC)
-
16.1. Resistive (AC) Circuit Power Calculation
-
16.2. Apparent Power
-
16.3. Reactive Power in Inductive Circuit
-
16.4. Reactive Power in Capacitive Circuit
-
16.5. The Power Triangle
-
16.6. The Total Apparent, Active and Reactive Power
-
16.7. Power Factor Correction
-
16.8. Wattmeters and Power Factor Meters
-
16.9. Effective Resistance
-
-
17. Resonance
-
17.1. Series Resonant Circuit
-
17.2. The Quality Factor (Q)
-
17.3. Total Impedance Versus Frequency
-
17.4. Selectivity of Frequency
-
17.5. Magnitudes of Voltages across RLC versus Frequency
-
17.6. Examples of Series Resonance Circuits
-
17.7. Parallel Resonant Circuit
-
17.8. Selectivity Curve for Parallel Resonant Circuits
-
17.9. Effect of Quality Factor greater than or Equal to 10
-
17.10. Examples of Parallel Resonance
-
17.11. Applications of Resonance Circuits
-
-
18. Transformer
-
18.1. Mutual Inductance
-
18.2. The Iron Core Transformer
-
18.3. Reflected Impedance and Power
-
18.4. Iron Core Transformer Equivalent Circuit
-
18.5. Transformer Frequency Considerations
-
18.6. Series Connection of Mutually Coupled Coils
-
18.7. Air Core Transformer
-
18.8. Transformer Nameplate Data
-
18.9. Types of Transformers
-
18.10. Tapped and Multiple Load Transformers
-
18.11. Networks with Magnetically Coupled Coils
-
18.12. Applications of Transformer
-
-
19. Polyphase Systems
-
19.1. The Three Phase Generator
-
19.2. The Y Connected Generator
-
19.3. The Y Delta System
-
19.4. The Delta Connected Generator
-
19.5. The Delta Delta, Delta Y Three Phase Systems
-
19.6. Power Calculation of Y Connected Balanced Load
-
19.7. Power Calculation of Delta Connected Balanced Load
-
19.8. The Three Wattmeter Method
-
19.9. The Two Wattmeter Method
-
19.10. Unbalanced Three phase Four wire, Y Connected Load
-
19.11. Unbalanced, Three phase, Three wire, Y Connected Load
-
-
20. Frequency Response
-
21. Pulse Waveform and the RC Response
-
21.1. Ideal versus Actual Pulse Waveform
-
21.2. Properties of a Pulse Waveform
-
21.3. Pulse Repetition Rate and Duty Cycle
-
21.4. Average Value of a Pulse Waveform
-
21.5. Transient in RC Network
-
21.6. RC Response to Square Wave Inputs
-
21.7. Oscilloscope Attenuator
-
21.8. Compensating Attenuator Probe
-
21.9. Application of Pulse Waveform
-
-
22. The Laplace Transform
-
22.1. Properties of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.1. Linearity Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.2. Scaling Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.3. Time Shift Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.4. Frequency Shift Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.5. Time Differentiation Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.6. Time Integral Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.7. Frequency Differentiation Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.8. Time Periodicity Property of The Laplace Transform
- 22.1.9. Initial and Final Values Properties of The Laplace Transform
-
22.2. List of the Properties of The Laplace Transform
-
22.3. Examples of The Laplace Transform
-
22.4. The Inverse Laplace Transform
-
22.5. Examples of The Inverse Laplace Transform
-
22.6. Circuit Application of The Laplace Transform
-
22.7. Transfer Function of The Laplace Transform
-
22.8. The Convolution Integral
-
22.9. Application to Integrodifferential Equations
-
22.10. Application of The Laplace Transform to the Network Stability
-
22.11. Application of The Laplace Transform to the Network Synthesis
-
-
23. The Fourier Series
-
23.1. Trigonometric Fourier Series
-
23.2. Symmetry Considerations of The Fourier Series
-
23.3. Common Functions of The Fourier Series
-
23.4. Circuit Application of The Fourier Series
-
23.5. Average Power and RMS Values of The Fourier Series
-
23.6. Exponential Fourier Series
-
23.7. Application of the Fourier Series to Spectrum Analyzers
-
23.8. Application of the Fourier Series to Filters
-
-
24. Fourier Transform
-
24.1. Properties of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.1. Linearity property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.2. Time Scaling property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.3. Time Shifting property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.4. Frequency Shifting property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.5. Time Differenciation property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.6. Time Integration property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.7. Reversal property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.8. Duality property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.9. Convolution property of the Fourier Transform
- 24.1.10. Summary of the Properties of the Fourier Transform
-
24.2. Examples of the Fourier Transform
-
24.3. Examples of the Inverse Fourier Transform
-
24.4. Circuit Application of the Fourier Transform
-
24.5. Parsevals Theorem
-
24.6. Comparing the Fourier and Laplace Transform
-
24.7. Application of the Fourier Transform to the Amplitude Modulation
-
24.8. Application of the Fourier Transform to the Sampling
-
-
25. Two Port Networks
-
25.1. Impedance Parameters
-
25.2. Admittance Parameters
-
25.3. Hybrid Parameters
-
25.4. Transmission Parameters
-
25.5. Relationships between Parameters
-
25.6. Interconnection of Networks
-
25.7. Application of the Two Port Networks to the Transistor Circuits
-
25.8. Application of the Two Port Networks to the Ladder Network Synthesis
-
-
26. Nonsinusoidal Circuits
Circuit Instrumentation
Likes (0)
Fav (0)
Share
Views (6.8K)
6 months
Facebook
Whatsapp
Twitter
LinkedIn
Some time it is required to test the circuit element values. e.g. voltage, current, resistance values becomes important to know before attaching or replacing some of the elements. For the purpose to investigate, the required meter must be inserted in a correct way in the circuit. The insertion of any meter in a circuit will affect the circuit.
You must use meters that minimize the impact on the response of the circuit. we will assume that the meters are ideal and do not affect the networks to which they are applied so that we can concentrate on their proper usage.
Fig. 1: Voltmeter connected across the resisters.
Fig. 2: Ammeter connected through the series circuit.
The voltages of a circuit can be measured without disturbing (breaking the connections in) the circuit.
The resistance of a circuit can be measured without disturbing (breaking the connections in) the circuit. (replace voltmeter with ohmmeter)
Using an ammeter to measure the current of a circuit requires that the circuit be broken at some point and the meter inserted in series with the branch in which the current is to be determined.
Be the first to comment here!
Do you want to say or ask something?